Rhenen obtained city rights in the 13th century after the place was first mentioned in 855 as 'Villa Rheni' (Estate on the Rhine).
In the Middle Ages, Rhenen was the most advanced fulcrum of the bishop of Utrecht in his constant struggle against the counts, later dukes, of Guelders. The bishop owned ter Horst castle here, which was finally demolished in 1543. After the centralization of the national administration by Emperor Charles V, Rhenen remained for centuries a quiet garrison town, which played a modest role in the administration of the region as one of the five cities of the Sticht.
In the seventeenth century, the expelled King Frederick V of the Palatinate had a summer residence in Rhenen.
In May 1940 there was heavy fighting at Rhenen between Germans and Dutch during the Battle of the Grebbeberg. The town of Rhenen was largely destroyed. Reconstruction took place during the war.
In 2008, the city celebrated its 750th anniversary.
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