Battle of Ravenna

The Battle of Ravenna, fought on 11 April 1512, by forces of the Holy League, France and Ferrara was a major battle of the War of the League of Cambrai in the Italian Wars. Although the French and the Ferrarese drove the Papal-Spanish army from the field, their general Gaston of Foix died in battle and the victory failed to help them secure northern Italy. The French would be forced to withdraw entirely from Italy in the summer of 1512, as Swiss mercenaries hired by Pope Julius II and Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor arrived in Lombardy and restored the Sforza to power in Milan.

A month before the battle, multiple sources reported a monstrous birth which became known as the Monster of Ravenna. This child's terrifying features included a horn on its forehead, wings, an eye on its knee, and a clawed foot, according to Florentine chronicler Luca Landucci. Its appearance was evidently a cause for alarm, and news spread across Europe in the diaries of contemporary writers.

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