Battle of Freiburg

The Battle of Freiburg, also called the Three Day Battle, took place on 3, 5 and 9 August 1644 as part of the Thirty Years' War. It took place between the French, consisting of a 20,000 men army, under the command of Louis II de Bourbon: the Prince of Condé and Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne: Viscount de Turenne, and the Bavarian empire, with its 16,000 men army led by Field Marshal Franz Von mercy. On 3 and 5 August, the French suffered heavy casualties despite having greater numbers. On the 9th, Turenne’s army flanked the Bavarians by heading to Glottertal through Betzenhausen and cutting off their supplies, where they faced off against each other, with the latter suffering heavy casualties. The battle resulted in both parties losing approximately 7,500 men, and the outcome was inconclusive, as the Bavarians retreated due to lack of supplies and the sheer greater numbers of the French. Following this battle, the French took advantage of the retreating Bavarians by conquering a large part of the Upper Rhine region. Consequently, in 1645, Battle of Nördlingen was fought between the same parties which resulted in the victory for the French.
The Battle of Tuttlingen, Freiburg and Nördlingen signalled the nearing of the end of the Thirty Years’ war. The huge losses suffered in Freiburg weakened both sides and was a huge factor that led to the Battle at Nördlingen, which led to the demise of Von Mercy. The successors of Mercy were not as adept and efficient as he was, which led to Bavaria suffering multiple invasions in the following years. Maximilian, in the wake of these invasions withdrew from the war in 1647.

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