Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic

The Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic also known as the Transcaucasian Federation, was a short-lived South Caucasian state extending across what are now the modern-day countries of Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia, plus parts of eastern Turkey as well as Russian border areas. The state only lasted for a month before Georgia declared independence, followed shortly by Azerbaijan and Armenia.

The region that formed the TDFR had been part of the Russian Empire, and the 1917 February Revolution saw the empire dissolved and a Provisional Government formed in Russia. A similar body was formed in the Caucasus, the Special Transcaucasian Committee , but with the October Revolution and rise of the Bolsheviks in Russia the Transcaucasian Commissariat was formed to replace the Ozakom. Peace talks were initiated with the Ottoman Empire in March 1918, but broke down quickly as the Ottoman refused to accept the authority of the Commissariat. The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, which ended Russia's involvement in the First World War, conceded parts of the Transcaucasus to the Ottoman Empire, who continued their invasion of the region in order to take control of the territory. Faced with this imminent threat, the TDFR was proclaimed as an independent state on 22 April 1918. Further negotiations began immediately with the Ottoman, which recognized the state.

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