Source: Hardnfast
Mesopotamia is a typical example of a subsiding basin, filled with fertile sediments. The reason of this subsidence is because this area is part of what geologists call a foreland basin. The continental drift caused the Arabian peninsula to move away from north-east Africa and to bump into the Eurasian plate, creating the Zagros mountains. This huge pile of squeezed rocks have an immense weight. And that weight pushes the Earth's crust down. The areas around the mountains got pushed down in the same way your matrass goes down around you in your bed. The subsiding basins got filled up with fertile sediments giving Mesopotamia its rich history.
Source: NewScientist
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Source: Hardnfast
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Source: Hardnfast
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