Agonale Obelisk

The Obelisco Agonale is a 16.55 m high Roman obelisk. It rises above Bernini's Fountain of the Four Rivers in the center of Piazza Navona.
One of the inscriptions on the base of the obelisk states: OBELISCUM AB IMP ANT CARACALLA ROMAM ADVECTUM, meaning the obelisk brought to Rome by Caracalla was taken from the ruins of the Circus Castrensis to Piazza Navona. In fact, it originally came from the Temple of Isis of Emperor Domitian, which was located where the present-day church of Santa Maria sopra Minerva stands. It was likely erected by Emperor Maxentius at the beginning of the 4th century in the Circus of Maxentius on the Via Appia. This obelisk was also not, as the inscription claims, brought to Rome as loot from Egypt by Caracalla, but was specifically made for the Temple of Isis. It was erected at its current location in 1649 under the rule of Pope Innocent X, who, contrary to tradition, had the dove with the olive branch, the coat of arms of the Pamphilj family, placed at the top of the obelisk instead of a cross. The old family palace of the Pamphilj also stands at Piazza Navona next to the church of Sant' Agnese in Agone.

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