The top of the hill was the site of several fortifications. The Castell de Montjuïc dates from the 17th century. It served as a prison, often holding political prisoners, until the time of General Franco. The castle was also the site of numerous executions.
In 1897, an incident popularly known as Els processos de Montjuïc prompted the execution of anarchist supporters, which then lead to a severe repression of the workers' struggle for their rights.
The Catalan nationalist leader Lluís Companys i Jover was also executed there in 1940, having been extradited to the Franco government by the Nazis.
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