The Thames Tunnel was dug in 1825. It was the first time engineers made a tunnel under a major river. The idea of how to strengthen the walls is based on the technique of the shipworm. That creature is a master at digging tunnels. Engineer Brunel studied the shipworm. As the shipworm grows (it can reach several tens of centimeters in length), the tunnel is further drilled, making it longer. The walls of the borehole are covered with a layer of lime. And that technique was imitated by Brunel. A wonderful example of biomimicry.
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