Men antager i dag, at byen blev grundlagt i 25 e.Kr. under navnet Colonia Iulia Augusta Emerita på ordre af Octavius Augustus for veteraner fra det 5. og 10. legion. Begrebet 'emeritus' refererer for øvrigt til de pensionerede soldater. Det blev hovedstaden i den romerske provins Lusitania. Og således begyndte straks en fantastisk blomstringsperiode, som mange bygninger vidner om: teatret, amphitheateret, cirkusset, templerne, broer, akvædukterne, forum, husene, termalbade...
I århundreder indtil faldet af det Veste Romerske Rige var Mérida et af de vigtigste juridiske, økonomiske, militære og kulturelle centre og en af de største byer i riget.
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