This depression in the forest was caused by sand extraction. The Brussels sand outcrops here and is very suitable for the construction industry. This indeed led to sand extraction in the past, which is probably why the residents of the adjacent parish of Essenbeek were not casually called Sandheads (Van Schepdael et al. 2003). Furthermore, the sand also contains iron-bearing minerals that were utilized in iron extraction (e.g., limonite). In addition, this tertiary deposit also features banks of calcareous sandstone. Where erosion had little effect, the Brusselsian is still covered with a layer of Quaternary aeolian loam (loess).
Source: Vandegucht et al. 1985, Van Schepdael et al. 2003, INBO
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