Akhalkalaki is a town in Georgia's southern region of Samtskhe–Javakheti and the administrative centre of the Akhalkalaki Municipality. Akhalkalaki lies on the edge of the Javakheti Plateau. The city is located about 30 kilometres from the border with Turkey. The town's recorded history goes back to the 11th century. As of the 2014 Georgian census the town had a population of 8,295, with an overwhelming Armenian majority.
The name Akhalkalaki, first recorded in the 11th-century Georgian chronicle, means "a new town", from Georgian [ɑxɑli], "new", and [kʰɑlɑkʰi], "city" or "town". Its Armenian and Turkish names, Akhalakak and Ahılkelek, respectively, are transcribed from the Georgian. The 19th-century ethnographic accounts have another Armenian name for the town, Nor-Kaghak, also meaning "a new town".
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