The hospital "Hôpital de la Salpêtrière" was one of the most important and well-known centers for psychiatry and neurology in Europe. Here the physician Duchene de Boulogne investigated in 1842 the effect of electrical treatments on epileptics and spastics. He also investigated facial expressions by applying current to the face. Well-known are the images of the shoemaker with paralyzed facial muscles who pulled strange grimaces (photo). Charles Darwin would also use Duchenne's photos in his work "The Expression of Emotions in Man and Animals".
The hospital was built by order of King Louis XIV. Many now famous names worked or studied at the Salpêtrière, including Pierre Janet, Jules Cotard, Georges Gilles de la Tourette, Pierre Marie, Sigmund Freud, Joseph Babinski, Philippe Pinel and Alfred Binet.
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