On 3 June 1845, scientist Christophe Buys Ballot carried out experiments on the Maarssen-Utrecht railway line on the Dopler effect (the effect that high tones decrease when sent out from a passing vehicle). He placed a number of horn players on the train to blow a constant tone. Observations along the railway line had to hear how much difference in tone there was as they rushed by. Dopler had calculated that at 70km/h a b would sound a semitone higher (like a c).
The experiment failed because of the lack of cash pitch, the variable speed of the train and not being able to hear well due to all the train noise.
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